Pebble Time Smartwatch And Mobile App Get New Features With Latest Update

Pebble Time Smartwatch And Mobile App Get New Features With Latest Update

Pebble has released a new app and firmware update that will provide more health and fitness functionality to wearers of the company's Pebble Time smartwatch line, which includes the Pebble Time, Pebble Time Steel, and Pebble Time Round.

To install and enjoy the benefits of the update, users will simply have to update the Pebble app on their smartphones to the latest version, which is version 3.12, and use the said app to update the Pebble smartwatch to Firmware 3.12.

The announcement, as well as the full details of the update, is made through a post on the company's official blog.

The new update will bring the new Mobile Health Snapshot to the wearable devices, with the feature serving as a hub for all fitness and sleep-related information. The data is organized according to day, week and month, with the mobile graphs displayed as interactive charts in the dedicated Health section of the mobile app.

Pebble Health is also now able to automatically detect if the wearer is running or in a long walk. The user will then receive mobile graph data on the activity, along with a timeline pin and a notification, once the run or walk is finished.

Pebble Health will also now be providing users with activity prompts and insights, based on the activities and sleeping habits of the wearer.

Another new feature coming to Pebble Time watches is Smart Alarms, which will go off once the device detects that the wearer is in light sleep. The alarm will go off up to 30 minutes before the preset time, designed to wake up wearers at the right time to have them feel refreshed upon ending their sleep.

In addition to the fitness and health functions, iOS users are also now able to use the message reply feature that has been available to Android users for several months. The feature will allow users to send replies to messages received on the paired smartphone through the Pebble Time watch, and also to answer calls with a text message, though this is only currently available for AT&T and Verizon subscribers.

The Newest French-Girl Fitness Craze Involves a Skateboard and a Piano

For the French It girls, among them Léa Seydoux, Joséphine de la Baume, and Soko, who work out with personal trainer, pianist, and former pole-vault champion Raphael Doub, a private session could mean running, swimming, juggling, TRX—or, for the very brave, mountain climbing (he often organizes group trips to the Alps). And that’s exactly what he wants, something completely and totally unexpected. In fact, Doub’s latest surprise involves a rather peculiar new fitness prop—his Penny skateboard.

Always seeking to pique the curiosity of his clients, all of whom he trains in their homes or outdoors in public spaces, the inventive instructor made a guinea pig out of his longtime trainer Sarah Andelman, founder of Paris’s cult concept storeColette. The moves he has developed, which he recently tried first with Andelman, include the Rocky Squat for the glutes, thighs, and calves; the Dynamic Pullover for the back and upper arms; and the Lunge on Wheels for toning the legs.

“It strengthens the core muscles and enhances posture,” he says of the workout. “In pole vaulting there is a huge stress on the importance of a stable equilibrium, and it’s really the same idea that exists in the skateboard exercises, because when you’re wobbly, you quickly ignite your muscles to tone in a more natural way than they would with regular weights.”

Andelman suggested that Doub teaches four skateboard classes in collaboration with Colette Gym, a fitness program offered by the store with monthly classes atÉléphant Panama studio in Paris. Anyone can sign up online, and since this space happens to have a piano, students have the pleasure of listening to Doub play ballads while they stretch at the end of the workout (he is also trained in music therapy, a key ingredient in his private sessions).

Though there’s only one more session left, on May 18, Doub is confident that the playfulness of his skateboard routine might just catch on. “I don’t believe in being repetitive; I believe in the fun factor, in keeping things interesting,” he says, “and that’s what people really want out of fitness right now.” Here’s to getting fit while staying out of the box, and on wheels, ahead of summer.

Spalding Health and Fitness Show Later This Month

Spalding Health and Fitness Show Later This Month

Spalding is gearing up for its second annual Health and Fitness Show on Sunday, May 22, featuring the best of what is on offer in Lincolnshire and beyond.

This year’s show will be held at Springfield’s Events and Conference Centre, showcasing ways of getting fit and active, as well as looking and feeling good.

It is organised by local business Give It Some Fizz Fitness, Sports and Education, run by personal trainer Zoe Myall and education consultant Holly Barrett.

Last year’s event was held at the South Holland Centre and attracted more than 300 visitors to enjoy fitness demos and chat the professionals about healthy eating, keeping active and looking after themselves.

This year’s show will be at the bigger venue, with demonstrations of local fitness classes and treatments throughout the day.

Visitors will be able to speak to health, fitness and wellbeing experts and discover more about what is available to them.

Zoe said: “We want to bring together health, fitness and well-being providers in the area to show just what is on offer here – and that there really is something for everybody no matter your age, gender or background.”

Among those exhibiting are local gyms, nutrition specialists, holistic and sports therapists, Lincolnshire Partnership NHS Foundation Trust (which provides specialist health services for people with a learning difficulty, mental health, drug or alcohol problem) and community groups.

The Health and Fitness show will run from 10am until 4pm and entrance is £2 or free for under 16s.

If you are an organisation or local sports group requiring a stand, please contact Zoe or Holly at Give It Some Fizz on info@giveitsomefizz.com or telephone 07921 553849 or 07800566058.

Williamston rises in latest girls state soccer rankings

The Williamston girls soccer posted big wins over Eaton Rapids and Mason last week.

And that has resulted in the Hornets moving up three spots in the latest Division 3 Michigan High School Soccer Coaches Association state poll. 

Williamston, which is perfect in the CAAC White entering its Wednesday matchup with Portland, remains one of four mid-Michigan teams that appear in the latest soccer state rankings.

Lansing Christian remained atop the Division 4 rankings and DeWitt stayed put at No. 2 in Division 2 this week. Lansing Catholic is No. 11 in Division 3.

Here is the full state poll:

DIVISION 1
1. Grand Rapids Forrest Hills Central
2. Utica Eisenhower
3. Grandville
4. Grand Blanc
5. Walled Lake Northern
6. Brighton
7. Novi
8. Saline
9. East Kentwood
10. Utica Ford
11. Rochester Stoney Creek
12. Bloomfield
13. Hartland
14. Troy Athens
15. Livonia Stevenson

DIVISION 2
1. Marian
2. DeWitt
3. Gull Lake
4. Linden
5. Detroit Country Day
6. Notre Dame Prep
7. Trenton
8. Livonia Ladywood
9. Grand Rapids Northview
10. Middleville Thornapple Kellogg
11. Dexter
12. Mattawan
13. Holland Christian
14. Three Rivers
15. Regina

DIVISION 3
1. Flint Powers Catholic
2. Hudsonville Unity Christian
3. Grosse Ile
4. Williamston
5. Paw Paw
6. Freeland
7. Jackson Lumen Christi
8. Birch Run
9. Grand Rapids South Christian
10. Hemlock
11. Lansing Catholic
12. Ann Arbor Gabriel Richard
13. Clawson
14. Grand Rapids Catholic Central
15. Macomb Lutheran North

DIVISION 4
1.  Lansing Christian
2.  Grosse Pointe Woods University Liggett
3.  Kalamazoo Christian
4.  Elk Rapids
5.  Muskegon Catholic Central
6.  St. Joseph Lake Michigan Catholic
7.  Wixom St. Catherine
8.  Montrose
9.  Saginaw Nouvel
10. Leland
11.  Muskegon West Michigan Christian
12. Riverview Gabriel Richard
13. Manchester
14. Royal Oak Shrine
15. Auburn Hills Oakland

The Latest: Russian Soccer Team Has Surprise Meldonium Test

The Latest on developments in Olympic doping stories. All times local:

5:25 p.m.

FIFA doping testers have turned up unannounced to test an entire leading Russian soccer team amid suspicions of meld onium use.

FIFA medical chief Jiri Dvorak told The Associated Press that the Rostov starting eleven were tested after they won 3-1 at Dynamo Moscow on Thursday. Rostov has mounted a surprise title challenge this season and is two points behind leader Dynamo.

Dvorak said in an interview at the FIFA Congress in Mexico City that "we have today done an unannounced control of a football club, Rostov ... which we successfully completed one hour ago."

Dvorak added, "there were some rumors in the media about meldonium and Rostov ordering meld onium."

— Sports Writer Rob Harris reported from Mexico City.

10:15 p.m.

Kenyan track officials and athletes fear an Olympic ban after WADA declared the country's anti-doping program non-compliant.

Kenya was sure it had avoided a sanction last month when, after missing two deadlines, it finally passed anti-doping legislation. However, the World Anti-Doping Agency says the law still does not meet its requirements.

Top Kenyan officials were taken completely by surprise. Olympic committee chairman Kip Keino says, "How is this happening? ... I'm shocked."

The fear for Kenya is that WADA's move could spur track's governing body, the IAAF, to suspend the East African nation, as it did with Russia. The Rio Olympics are just three months away.

Kenya's javelin world champion Julius Yego says he doesn't know what to do about Rio: "Should we continue training or do we stop?"

— Sports Writer Gerald Imray reporting from Johannesburg, South Africa

———

11:23 p.m.

Russian Sports Minister Vitaly Mutko says claims of organized doping by Russian athletes at the 2014 Sochi Winter Olympics are "absurd."

The former head of Russia's anti-doping laboratory, Grigory Rodchenkov, told the New York Times he was given a list of Russian athletes who were doping ahead of the games and was told to switch their tainted urine samples for clean ones.

The newspaper named three Russian athletes who won four gold medals in Sochi.

Mutko tells the state Tass news agency that "they are outstanding athletes and the accusations are absurd," but does not address the claims that the Russian government was involved in the alleged scheme to switch doping samples at the games.

— Sports Writer James Ellingworth reporting from St. Petersburg, Russia.

———

8:40 p.m.

The IOC says the allegations of Russian doping at the Winter Olympics are "very worrying" and it is asking the World Anti-Doping Agency to open an immediate investigation.

The Switzerland-based International Olympic Committee says it is concerned by the "very detailed" allegations made by the former director of Russia's anti-doping laboratory to The New York Times.

The lab director, Grigory Rodchenkov, detailed a scheme to cover up doping by Russian athletes in Sochi, including the swapping of tainted samples for clean urine. The Times said the state-run program included at least 15 medal winners in Sochi.

The IOC says: "These allegations are very detailed and very worrying and we ask the World Anti-Doping Agency to investigate immediately."

The IOC says, based on the result of the WADA inquiry, it "will not hesitate to act with its usual policy of zero tolerance for doping and defending the clean athletes."

———

9:05 p.m.

A scheme to cover up doping by Russian athletes at the Sochi Olympics included delivering untainted urine in baby bottles, former anti-doping official Grigory Rodchenkov says in comments reported by The New York Times.

Rodchenkov says a man he believed to be from Russia's Federal Security Service arrived at his lab in Moscow in late 2013 enquiring about the supposedly tamper-proof bottles used to store urine samples.

He figured out a system to replace the bottle caps, then delivered clean urine — in soda or baby bottles — that had been collected from the athletes before the Olympics.

Rodchenkov talked to the newspaper in interviews arranged by filmmaker Bryan Fogel, who is working on a documentary about doping.

Russian Sports Ministry spokeswoman Lyudmila Derevyanko told The Associated Press by telephone Thursday night that the ministry would not comment before its staff had translated the story into Russian for officials to read.

Calls to two numbers for Rodchenkov were not answered Thursday.

— Sports Writer James Ellingworth reporting from St. Petersburg, Russia.

———

2 p.m.

The number of anti-doping tests conducted in Russia has dropped by nearly two-thirds since the country's drug-fighting agency was suspended and placed under new management.

World Anti-Doping Agency officials released the figures Thursday. They said there were 2,244 tests on Russian athletes from Nov. 18 through May 5, compared to 6,890 tests during the same period the previous year.

The British anti-doping agency, with help from international advisers, is trying to rehabilitate Russia's program but is running into obstacles everywhere.

WADA said the British agency was able to find only 10 doping-control officers to collect samples throughout the vast country. And some of those officers, when trying to enter Russia's military bases, were turned away and threatened with having their visas revoked if they returned.

— Sports Writer Eddie Pells reporting from Montreal.

———

8:20 p.m.

Russian doctors and athletes worked together to evade drug tests at the Sochi Olympics, passing containers of urine through a hole in the wall to replace tainted samples, The New York Times has reported.

Grigory Rodchenkov, the former head of Russia's national anti-doping laboratory, is quoted by the newspaper as saying that he replaced samples with clean urine at night through a hole in the wall at the laboratory in Sochi during the 2014 Winter Games.

Athletes took photographs of their drug forms so that the samples could be identified later and switched, according to the story posted Thursday.

Three gold medalists were listed on a spreadsheet of athletes provided by Rodchenkov, the newspaper reported.

— Sports Writer James Ellingworth reporting from St. Petersburg, Russia.

Blake Lively and Ryan Reynolds’s Unlikely Obsession

Blake Lively and Ryan Reynolds’s Unlikely Obsession

If a five-minute conversation with Blake Lively at a Cannes Film Festival luncheon for Café Society is any indication, the actress is heaven. Director Woody Allen and cast members Kristen Stewart, Jesse Eisenberg, and Corey Stoll took turns answering questions at each press table on Thursday afternoon, and when it was time for Lively to sit opposite us, she glided over in a marigold designer dress, promptly fixed herself a full plate of food, and made a self-deprecating joke about how Cannes is so much more glamorous than her everyday life—“being peed on all day.” After a beat, she quickly clarified, “by my baby,” referring to her and Ryan Reynolds’s daughter James, “not my husband.”

The actress revealed that she took the role in Allen's latest feature before knowing anything about the film, even the time period during which it would take place because she is such an old Hollywood film buff. She referenced specific camera shots in certain films of Allen's, and when Anne Thompson of Indiewire remarked on Lively's vast movie knowledge, the actress let us in on her secret.

“I watch a lot of TCM,” Lively said. “TCM is the best. It's always on at our house. Sometimes on silent. It's like the fun version of gossip.”

For those at the table who had never heard of the classic movie channel, Lively explained, “Now the gossip is, well most of it is made up. But [the channel teaches you] about Katharine Hepburn in Bringing Up Baby, and how she had never been in a comedy before. So they surrounded her with vaudeville actors and comic extras, even behind the monitor. And they were there at all times helping bring out that side of her.”

“And you watch her in that movie. It's one of the best pratfalls of all time—better than any Chevy Chasepratfall—is her falling over that table,” she gushed, as we attempted to wish into existence a television movie in which Lively plays Hepburn on the Bringing Up Baby set. “But it's neat hearing about those behind-the-scenes moments.”

“I love that on TCM they will have the children of the actors and directors on to speak about their parents—there's a level of intimacy that is nice because it's so respectful,” Blakely said, poking at her plate. “Do you guys watch TCM?”

When New York Magazine’s Kyle Buchanan suggested she get a gig hosting a program for the network, Lively was one step ahead with her family's own plan.

“That's my husband's dream job—is just to be Ben Mankiewicz or Robert Osbourne,” Lively said, referring to the network's talking heads.

Sleeping With Technology: Harming Your Brain One Night at a Time

Here is an all-too-common scenario: Jeff and Mary put the kids to bed and settle down for the night to watch television. Jeff has his smartphone at his bedside and keeps checking email, social media, texts and the baseball scores while Mary checks her work emails, plays Words With Friends and checks her Facebook. At 11 , they decide to turn out the lights and both of them place their phones next to the bed. Mary puts hers on silent but Jeff keeps his on vibrate in case he gets an important message during the night. Both have a tough time getting to sleep. John awakens several times during the night and checks his phone and answers an email or two. He has trouble falling back to sleep each time. They both awaken feeling exhausted. This goes on a night after night after night. On the weekends, they park the kids in front of the TV in the morning and try to sleep as long as possible but they are still tired come Monday.

 We all know how important it is that we get a good night’s sleep. What does that mean? Well, for young college-age adults the National Sleep Foundation recommends 7 to 9 hours per night. For younger children the recommendation is even more nightly sleep. For adults like Mary and Jeff, the recommendation is usually around 7 to 8 hours per night.

Sadly, most children, teens and adults are not getting close to the recommended night’s sleep and you can see this clearly in futile attempts to sleep in on the weekends to pay off our mounting “sleep debt.”

Before I talk about why I feel this is happening and the role that technology plays in getting a bad night’s sleep, it is important to understand what happens while you sleep. If you are a normal, well-rested person, your sleep is quite patterned. When you fall asleep you enter the first of several sleep cycles. In each cycle, which lasts about 90 minutes, your brain evidences four phases of deeper and deeper sleep until you reach a fifth stage called REM or rapid eye movement sleep. This is where your flickering eyelids indicate you are dreaming. The first sleep cycle dream is quite short and as the night progresses the REM phases get longer culminating in your last dream, which lasts about an hour, give or take. This is why, by the way, that most well-rested people wake up amidst a dream as that fourth sleep cycle is usually around hour 7 to 8 of sleep time.

During the night, your brain is doing a variety of housekeeping functions including “synaptic rejuvenation” which involves consolidating information that you learned or experienced during the day and pruning away information that your brain feels is irrelevant or not worthy of consolidating and keeping. In addition, spinal fluid sweeps through your brain to wash out the sometimes-toxic by-products of thinking including bits of used proteins. Among these proteins are beta amyloids. If these beta amyloids are not removed they eventually build up into “plaques” which inhibit cell-to-cell communication and, sadly, are seen in abundance in the brains of Alzheimer’s patients.

When you do not get a good night’s sleep these phases do not proceed as they would if you were well-rested. This means that your brain does not get to do its synaptic rejuvenation and other housekeeping actions including washing out toxic remains from a day’s mental experiences. Add in days and days of poor sleep and you will soon have a brain that does not function at its optimal level.

You can see the effects of lack of sleep by looking at what happens when you are so tired that you decide to take a nap. Naps are not inherently bad for you and in fact some research shows that they can be beneficial to your brain functioning. However, if you are exhausted you most likely lapse right into dreaming when you start your nap. This means you are skipping over the normal sleep phases where most of the housekeeping takes place.

My colleagues and I recently published a study where we tested a model that examined the role of technology in getting a good night’s sleep. 734 college students [our college students were a bit older than the norm averaging nearly 26 years old] completed surveys that assessed sleep problems, smartphone use (both during a typical day and night as well as preference for multitasking as opposed to completing one task at a time), and two critical variables concerning our brain’s performance: executive functioning and anxiety. Executive functioning encompasses how well you make decisions, avoid impulsive responses, work on problems, and attend to your world. Anxiety, in this study, was a special type of anxiety sometimes referred to as FOMO or fear of missing out. Our measure asked about how anxious you get when you do not have your phone or cannot access the Internet and also a personal assessment of how dependent you are on technology.

The model we tested proposed that after controlling for all demographic characteristics of our sample, the cognitive issue (executive functioning) and the effective variable (anxiety/FOMO) would predict overuse of technology and multitasking which, in turn, would predict sleep problems. Before talking about the how the model worked it is important to point out that half the participants kept their phone close by while they slept (nearly all with it on vibrate or ring) and 49% checked it during the night for something other than the time at least once (32%) or two or more times (17%). Not surprisingly our students averaged only 6.68 hours of sleep per night over the previous four weeks with two-thirds averaging 7 or less hours of nightly sleep.

So, how did we do in predicting sleep problems? Poor executive functioning predicted sleep problems and also predicted more nighttime awakenings, which, in turn, predicted sleep problems. Anxiety, however, was the stronger predictor. People anxious about missing out on technology used their smartphone more each day preferred to multitask more, and awakened more often to check their phone. Each of those predicted a poor night’s sleep.

So what do we think is happening? There are two ways to look at this: biochemically and psychologically. Both are relevant. Biochemically, when you awaken in the morning your brain sees blue wavelength light, which releases small amounts of the hormone cortisol, which serves to slowly awaken you. At the other end of the day, when you approach dusk your eyes take in more red wavelength light which then allows melatonin to be released over a period of several hours which eventually leads to sleep. Technological devices emit light at multiple wavelengths to produce the white light you see with a substantial amount in the blue wavelength part of the light spectrum. This blue wavelength light serves to increase the secretion of cortisol (and wake you up) and inhibit the release of melatonin (which makes you not sleepy). Luckily, light at all wavelengths dissipates by the inverse square law which means that as long as you keep your device a substantial distance from your face you are not getting much blue light. How far away do you keep your phone or your iPad? The Mayo Clinic says that if you are planning to use a device in bed that you hold it 14 inches away from your face and dim the brightness which further reduces the blue wavelength light from reaching your retina. The National Sleep Foundation goes one giant step further and recommends that you not use any device within an hour of attempting to fall asleep. Given their research showing that 90% of American adults use their electronic devices within an hour of bedtime at least a few nights a week, this may be difficult.

Psychological issues are quite a different story. Remember that both executive dysfunction — primarily poor decision-making and lack of ability to attend — and FOMO anxiety predicted a poor night’s sleep. These are fixable. First, we need to learn to practice metacognition by gaining a better understanding of how our brain works. If we know that we are not making good decisions about using technology prior to bedtime that is the first step to being metacognitive; if we can make behavioral changes that are even better. One metacognitive change would be to recognize that we are all responding to alerts and notifications like Pavlov’s dogs and realize that at a minimum we should silence our phone or turn off all alerts. An even better metacognitive change would be to put our phone away an hour before bedtime but if that is too extreme consider starting small by putting the phone and tablet in another room 15 minutes before bedtime. Then when you get used to 15 minutes of time away from your devices start increasing the time until you get to an hour.

The impact on sleep of FOMO — anxiety about missing out on technology use, particularly communication-based technologies like email, texts, social media, etc. — was pronounced in our study (and has been shown to be a strong predictor of problematic behavior in other studies). The first step is metacognitive in that you will need to understand what this anxiety is doing to you, your brain and your body. We are not meant to be a bubbling pool of anxiety-laden chemicals. Their constant presence can lead to mental and physical health issues. Once that information becomes part of your understanding of the impact of technology on sleep you must begin the process of uncoupling the alerts and notifications with a knee-jerk response model.

Just because you got a text message does not mean you have to respond a.s.a.p. The problem with our obsessive behavior has been building for a long time and will not go away quickly. I suggest starting small again and alerting people in your virtual worlds — those you regularly text, email, and connect with through social media — that you are going to be learning how to not be such a quick responder. We know that this is difficult as a slow or no response to a message leads to assumptions about the other person (“he must not like me or he would text right back” or “she must be angry with me” are common reactions to a delayed response). It will help if you use the auto respond function wherever you can to remind people that you may take a bit of time to get back to them. Start by waiting for 15 minutes to respond to messages and when that is working start increasing the time until you can get to at least 30 minutes. If you have trouble ignoring the alerts you can silence your phone during that time or use one of the many smartphone apps that will only allow calls or messages from certain people (in a case of emergencies).

I am sure that many of you are wondering what you will do if you can’t use your smartphone prior to bedtime. I suggest any activity that is repetitive and doesn’t require communication. For example, most of your favorite television shows are fairly predictable so watching one can be calming to your brain as long as the device is not close to your face. Another option is to build a playlist on a device with only your absolute favorite songs, ones that you can sing in your sleep. If that device is a smartphone make sure you silence any alerts as even a slight vibration or beep will start the cortisol and stop the melatonin. Third, you might consider reading an actual [gasp] paper book, particularly if the author is one who you know well as the plots will often be predictable. Predictable means less activation of the neurons and biochemistry of your brain, which will allow you to fall asleep more easily.

The bottom line is this will not be an easy road but it is not too late to save your brain. I always prided myself on being able to be wide awake and productive with only 5 hours of sleep but over the years, I see that that has taken its toll on my ability to process information. I have been following my advice in this post for about a year and already feel better and more prepared to be productive on a daily basis. You can do it, too!

REFERENCES:

S. K. Adams and T. S. Kisler, “Sleep Quality as a Mediator between Technology-Related Sleep Quality, Depression, and Anxiety,” CyberPsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking 16, no. 1 (2013): 25-30.

A.-M. Chang, D. Aeschbach, J. F. Duffy, and C. A. Czeisler, “Evening Use of Light-Emitting eReaders Negatively Affects Sleep, Circadian Timing, and Next-Morning Alertness,” PNAS (2014), http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2014/12/18/1418490112.full.pdf.

K. Custers and J. Van den Bulck, “Television Viewing, Internet Use, and Self-Reported Bedtime and Rise Time in Adults: Implications for Sleep Hygiene Recommendations from an Exploratory Cross-Sectional Study,” Behavioral Sleep Medicine 10, no. 2 (2012): 96-105.

J. S. Durmer and D. F. Dinges, “Neurocognitive Consequences of Sleep Deprivation,” Seminars in Neurology 25, no. 1 (2005): 117-129.

J. Falbe, K. K. Davison, R. L. Franckle, C. Ganter, S. L. Gortmaker, L. Smith, T. Land, and E. M. Taveras, “Sleep Duration, Restfulness, and Screens in the Sleep Environment,” Pediatrics 135, no. 2 (2015): 1-9, http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/early/2015/01/01/peds.2014-2306.full.pdf.

M. Gradisar, A. R. Wolfson, A. G. Harvey, L. Hale, R. Rosenberg, and C. A. Czeisler, “The Sleep and Technology Use of Americans: Findings from the National Sleep Foundation’s 2011 Sleep in America Poll,” Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine 9, no. 12 (2013): 1291-1299.

L. Hale and S. Guan, “Screen Time and Sleep among School-Aged Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Literature Review,” Sleep Medicine Reviews 21 (2015): 50-58.

S. Lemola, N. Perkinson-Gloor, S. Brand, J. F. Dewald-Kaufmann, and A. Grob, “Adolescents’ Electronic Media Use at Night, Sleep Disturbance, and Depressive Symptoms in the Smartphone Age,” Journal of Youth and Adolescence 44, no. 2 (2014): 405-418

P. A. Lewis, The Secret World of Sleep: The Surprising Science of the Mind at Rest, New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2013.

Mayo Clinic, “Are Smartphones Disrupting Your Sleep? Mayo Clinic Examines the Question,” June 3, 2013, http://newsnetwork.mayoclinic.org/discussion/are-smartphones-disrupting-your-sleep-mayo-clinic-study-examines-the-question/?mc_id=youtube.

L. Rosen, L. M. Carrier, A. Miller, J. Rokkum, and Ruiz, “Sleeping with Technology: Cognitive, Affective, and Technology Usage Predictors of Sleep Problems among College Students,” Sleep Health 2, no. 1 (2016): 49-56.

E. H. Telzer, A. J. Fuligni, M. D. Lieberman, and A. Galván, “The Effects of Poor Quality Sleep on Brain Function and Risk Taking in Adolescence,” Neuroimage 71 (2013):